Comunidades pesqueiras no sudeste paraense: estudo de caso da pesca de pequena escala realizada em Itupiranga-PA

Abstract

Historically, the Amazon has been the scene of conflicts between actors interested in using its territory. These actors are divided into two groups: hegemonic, which has great dominating power in the management of the Amazon territory, and hegemonized, which, besides having little voice in face of the impositions of the previous group, still have a closer connection with the territory, inhabiting him. That said, the purpose of this paper is to describe some historical moments in which the conflicts of interest of use of the territory, between the two groups of actors mentioned, were concretely realized as a step towards the breakdown of these conflicting processes. It also aimed to further investigate the hegemonic actors, using the traditional fishermen of Tauiry village as an example. For this, they were made socioeconomic characterization and description some aspects of their daily life. Finally, in order to provide broader information on the activity developed by the fishermen of Tauiry village, the fish production chain was mapped in the municipality of Itupiranga, municipality where the Tauiry village is located, identifying the components ( links), how they relate, how value generation occurs, and how it is distributed along the chain. To achieve these objectives, three different methodologies were used: interviews with the fishermen of Tauiry village; participatory workshops, based on the Value Links-B Methodology and bibliographic research. As a result it was observed that the major projects developed in the Amazon gave rise to a historical debt to the peoples of this region. In this sense, it is necessary to understand the importance of traditional peoples to find ways to combine economic growth with conservation of natural resources and social inclusion. Another result was related to the socioeconomic characterization of the fishermen of Tauiry village, which pointed to a reality of high social vulnerability of these, and the main data that indicate this vulnerability are related to the access to basic sanitation, low education of the fishermen and little access to governmental benefits by their families. Finally, the mapping of the Itupiranga fish production chain showed that the middlemen, one of the links in this chain, play a similar role to those of the rubber cycle aviators, it was also found that fish production in the municipality of Itupiranga has a great dependence on foreign markets, both for the supply of inputs necessary to carry out the activity and for the consumption of production.