Caracterização produtiva da atividade leiteira em pequenas propriedades da região de Carajás – PA

Abstract

The objective of this work was to characterize the dairy activity in small properties in the region of Carajás - PA, as well as to study the influence of the climate of the region on the milk productivity indices and propose mathematical models that explain the dynamics of milk production in the region of Carajás - PA. The work was developed in the South and Southeast Paraense region, mainly in the areas of influence of UNIFESSPA. The data survey related to dairy farming in small properties was carried out in 19 cities in the region of Carajás - PA. The data regarding food production, food management, nutritional, sanitary and reproductive management of small dairy farms were performed from on-site visits and application of technical questionnaire. Bioclimatic data were collected, ambient temperature (oC) and relative humidity (%) from a 2-year historical series 2018-2019 of conventional weather stations that comprise the southeastern region of Pará. The data regarding milk production that were contrasted with the temperature and humidity index (UTI) of the Carajás - PA region came from 104 producers between the years 2019 and 2020, totaling 3209 observations. Data were analyzed by the statistical package SAS 9.1.3. A simple linear model was determined in order to predict milk production in the Carajás - PA region: Total milk production (kg/day) = 74.83 + 12.83*lactating cows - 3.55*dry cows - 29.86*breed + 0.909*dairy activity area (ha); r2= 0.87; P = 0.021. A simple linear model was devised to predict milk production (106 kg/month) as a function of the temperature and humidity index (UTI), where: Milk Production (106 kg/month) = 16.050 - 0.13650*ITU; r2 = 0.16; P ≤ 0.001. The dairy activity in the Carajás region, presents extremely low productive rates reflecting directly in milk productivity (kg/day and kg/cow/day). the bioclimate of the region has a strong influence on dairy activity, further reducing the productive rates by the permanent and critical caloric stress to which the dairy herd in the region is exposed. The sanitary management is satisfactory, and the quality of the milk was within the standard, despite a certain deficiency in milking hygiene.