Infrações ambientais no mosaico de Carajás, sudeste paraense, Amazônia Oriental: uma investigação espacial dos autos de infração e sua relação com a paisagem

Abstract

The Carajás Mosaic comprises the Serra dos Carajás, an immense mineral province, located in the interior of the Amazon, in the northern region of Brazil. The Mosaic is made up of six Conservation Units and an Indigenous Reserve. The protected areas of Mosaico suffer a lot of anthropic pressure, being targets of constant inspection by environmental agencies in order to combat environmental infractions. The diagnosis of these infractions is essential for decision-making and integrated management, as well as assisting in the assessment of environmental impacts and environmental monitoring. This work aims to evaluate the spatial distribution of the notices of environmental infraction in Mosaico de Carajás. For this, we used the databases of notices of infraction of the Integrated Management Nucleus of the Carajás Mosaic (NGI Carajás) of the Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation (ICMBio) and the Brazilian Institute of the Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA ). These data were processed in a GIS (Geographic Information System) environment, using geoprocessing techniques, such as spatialization, Kernel density estimation and the characterization of land use and occupation. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of protected areas in combating environmental violations, with low violations when compared to southeast Pará. Infractions occurred mainly in the mosaic buffer zone, especially in the northwest and east regions. In the limits of the protected areas, the infractions happen mainly in the FLONA of Tapirapé-Aquiri and in the FLONA Itacaiúnas. Categorically, deforestation is primarily responsible for environmental assessments in the region and is closely related to the conversion of native forest into pasture.