Classificação e análise das unidades da paisagem: como base para o planejamento ambiental do município de Marabá – PA

Abstract

The study of landscape units is important because it leads to distinguish the set of relationships and interactions of the landscape. This can be individualized by environmental constraints, such as climate, relief, soil, vegetation, and hydrography, where the analysis of the landscape is given in the integrated understanding of these components. The objective of this essay is to identify, the delineation and classification of the landscape of the city of Marabá PA, as a subsidy to environmental planning. It was made use of the theoretical assumptions of the Geoecology of Landscapes as a basis for the analyses, where it was used the tools of spatial analysis with the acquisition of satellite image Landsat-8 (2017) and use of the software Qgis version 2.18 for spatialization of data. Three (3) landscape units and six (06) subunits were delimited: 1) Fluvial plain with consolidated occupation; 2) Fluvial plain with unconsolidated occupation; 3) Fluvial terrace with consolidated occupation; 4) Lowered fluvial terrace with unconsolidated occupation; 5) Dissected plateau with livestock/agriculture; 6) Dissected plateau with conservation areas. In each unit the main environmental impacts were identified, as well as the forms of use and occupations resulting from the multiple anthropic activities carried out on this landscape. The crossing between the characteristics of the units and the impacts identified made it possible to generate the environmental zoning map for the municipality with five (05) zones that point to the most appropriate environmental planning.