Diagnóstico da extração de areia nos rios Tocantins e Itacaiúnas, no município de Marabá: considerações econômicas e ambientais

Abstract

This study examined the sand mining in the Tocantins and the city of Marabá Itacaiúnas from the perspective of the conditions and economic contributions and environmental impacts caused by this activity. This analysis was based on the observation method of extraction points in the city, as well as interviews with those responsible for them. In the city of Marabá deposits are mainly of the point bar, channel bar means, floodplain deposits and channel bottom, which are mainly extracted by the method of dredging, in which key extractors are the beaches Marabá, being COESAMA the smaller and larger areal Paraná, which together draw a volume of 20.800m ³ per month, and the areal Paraná is responsible for 95% of this production. There are also other beaches in the area but were not part of the study because of failure to provide data. As production costs have been assessed with diesel costs, with labor, taxes and others of which we observed that higher production costs that is related to fuel, which directly affects the transport of it. Such activity also results in different environmental impacts, of which the most visible impact is the permanent preservation areas, where there is the removal of riparian vegetation to create storage areas, development of roads, development of infrastructure businesses, among others that affects so intense these areas of fundamental importance for the maintenance of the environment. Thus it was found that sand mining in the Tocantins and Itacaiúnas is of fundamental importance for developing strategic and economic city of Marabá given its growth, requiring an increasing productivity of this aggregate. However such activity should be done consciously obeying the law, promoting environmental actions that enable such activity is carried out sustainably.