Estudos de sistemas quânticos emaranhados

Abstract

Quantum entanglement is a determining phenomenon for the interpretation of some of the peculiarities of Quantum Mechanics. The study of this phenomenon originated from the questions of physicists Albert Einstein, Boris Podolsky and Nathan Rosen, that resulted in the so-called EPR Paradox. With the advances in the studies on Quantum entanglement, several possibilities for its application appeared, mainly in the fields of Quantum Information Theory, Quantum Optics and Statistical Physics. The present work explores the Quantum entanglement theory giving emphasis to bipartite quantum states. We first address the historical aspects that culminated in the notion of emargination in compound quantum states. Next, the mathematical interpretation of Quantum entanglement is presented in detail, as well as its relation with composite systems and their main properties. The main qualifiers and quantifiers of entanglement in bipartite quantum systems are presented in the current literature. In addition, some examples of application of these qualifiers and quantifiers in the Bell states, examples of genuinely entangled states, are demonstrated. Finally, a synthesis of the main points that characterize bipartite quantum systems is presented. Where the common characteristics among the qualifiers and quantifiers discussed in this work are also highlighted.