Abundância e diversidade de artrópodes de solo em sistemas agroflorestais no Sudeste do Pará

Abstract

Soil arthropods are of great importance to ecosystems and agro-ecosystems all round the world, because of the environmental services developed for the maintenance and management of the whole system there inserted between these services is the function of biological indicators, which exerts great influence on determining the quality of a particular area as arthropods have close relationship with habitat they are inserted, so when it is some sort of damage that system, it has an immediate reorganization of these insects to suit this new proportionate structure , therefore, it is of enormous value studies on biomarkers for to know the level of quality or degradation of an ecosystem or agroecosystem. The aim of this study is to evaluate the abundance and diversity of arthropods in two areas of Agroforestry Systems, Pasture and Primary Forest in the southeast of Pará. The study was conducted at Fazenda Cristalina, in the southeast of Pará. For the sampling of taxonomic groups were used ten pitfall traps, trapdoor type, distributed to 10 m from each other in a linear fashion in each area, remaining in the field for two days. The samples were in the cycle in 2015, totaling two samples. The Taxonomic groups collected were taken to the laboratory for screening and identification of individuals. The diversity index and dominance Simpson, equitability of Pielou (J) were calculated using the Past 1.92 software. Simpson diversity indices, using the same program, were compared by Student's t test at 5% probability. They collected 12,809 individuals in 20 taxonomic groups. Taxonomic groups Formicidae (37.28%), Collembola (36.99%) and Coleoptera (13.47%) were more abundant in agricultural ecosystems, the areas with the greatest abundance was the agroforestry and the lowest was the forest area. It was concluded that there was a great amount of taxonomic groups and plenty of them in different agroecosystems studied. The diversity of arthropods in agroforestry systems was more than pasture, surpassed only by the forest.