Mineração e desenvolvimento: uma análise dos principais Municípios Mineradores do Pará

Abstract

Mineral extractive industry has played a central role in the economic dynamics of the eastern Amazon since the 1940s, especially in the state of Pará. However, a contradiction between development and mining in the Brazilian State has been observed throughout history. While on the one hand the large projects generated economic growth, mainly due to the increase in the collection of the states and the GDP on the other, it did not generate a greater welfare of the population in general. In this sense, the objective of this work is to discuss Brazilian economic development based on "neoextrativism", evidencing its contradictions when analyzing a set of socioeconomic indicators of the second largest state producing and exporting ore in the country, Pará. these objectives, the present work is divided into two chapters. In the first chapter the development model based on neoextractivism is presented, exposing a brief history about the extractive mineral industry in Pará, evidencing the contradictions of the neo - extractive model on the territory. In the second chapter, a set of socioeconomic indicators (Occupancy by Sector, IDHM, Percentage of Poor, Inequality Index and Income Concentration) of six municipalities of Paraíba (Marabá, Ipixuna do Pará, Paragominas, Canaã dos Carajás, Parauapebas and Oriximiná) in order to identify if in the years that the mining was present in these localities there was a systematic improvement of these indicators generating development for these localities. Analyzing the results, it can be observed that the mineral extractive industry occupies few workers when compared to other sectors. Another divergence found going against the discourses that mining and development go hand in hand, was that this activity is not associated with a single range of human development: while Parauapebas has a High HDI, Ipixuna do Pará is in the other extreme, with a very low HDI. The results found for the poverty indicators indicate that mining municipalities have a percentage of poor and poor children higher than the national average, despite an improvement between 2000 and 2010. In addition, considering that poverty is not restricted to income alone of the population, it is verified that the water supply and sanitary sewage for all municipalities are worse than the Brazilian average. With regard to inequality, there is a setback for these municipalities. Besides, it seems that mining municipalities have increased the concentration of income to the poorest proportion of these municipalities.