Análise química e alelopática de Carnavalia ensiformis em diferentes concentrações de escórias siderurgicas

Abstract

Since the beginning of human history, plants have already been used as food, medicine and other applications, and have therefore become a theme that arouses great interest in people. During the evolution of man, new forms of direct or indirect use of vegetables have been discovered. Anthropogenic activities in mining, metallurgical industry, chemical industry, agriculture, among others, have caused damage to the biosphere, releasing organic wastes such as hydrocarbons, inorganic and heavy metals present in most industrial waste. Among the methods used to minimize these damages, phytoremediation is a technique that uses plants to reduce the risk or remove contaminants from the environment. Plants can help remove many types of contaminants, including metals, pesticides, explosives, and petroleum. Among plants with phytoremediation potential, the Canavalia ensiformis stands out. Sometimes the ability of plants to adsorb in their soil-contaminating tissues may cause some modification in the chemical constitution of the species, damaging it, since many of its constituents are essential for its defense and survival. Thus, it was carried out in this work, besides the allelopathic tests of the extracts of Canavalia ensiformis; Qualitative analyzes of the extracts of this species to verify if the chemical composition of Canavalia ensiformis was altered when cultivated in soils containing different concentrations of steel slag. Canavalia ensiformis seedlings were grown in soils that received different concentrations of steel slag: 0, 32, 64, 128 and 256 grams, coded as T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5, respectively. After drying and ground, the aerial parts of C. ensiformis were allowed to macerate with ethanol, which after filtration and concentration, the extracts were obtained. The allelopathic tests were done by germination tests of lettuce seeds. The qualitative analyzes of the extracts of samples T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 were done by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and by analysis in the infrared (IV) region. Analyzes against lettuce seeds showed that the extracts of C. ensiformis had no allelopathic potential at the tested concentrations. Through the analysis by HPLC and IV it can be observed that, despite being cultivated in different concentrations of steel slag, C.ensiformis did not present change in its chemical profile.