Implantação de biodigestores de baixo custo como tecnologias sociais em propriedades da agricultura familiar na Amazônia

Abstract

Given the current socio-economic-environmental importance, biodigesters have significantly contributed to reducing social inequality and rural development in the world. Due to their versatility, they are part of the sustainability bias, as it unites the economic, social and environmental bias, configuring itself as a sustainable social technology. These equipments provide the rural producer with biogas and biofertilizer. Thus, the objective of this work consisted in the presentation of biodigesters as a social technology of low installation cost in the Amazon, with the benefit of the acquisition of this equipment by rural producers and contribution to the family's income. The methodology for carrying out this study used bibliographical and descriptive research, in addition to a case study. The bibliographical research was carried out through consultations by authors who were versed on the subject, in books, journals on the Academic Google platform and on specialized sites on scientific production. Descriptive analysis is related to observation from the collected data, where these are intended to support the results found. The case study is focused on the development of biodigesters in the Amazon region, specifically in the Southeastern mesoregion of Pará. As a result, a new way of building biodigesters was found, through the use of molds made of steel plate, with the possibility of dilution of material and labor costs and reduction of service time. The economic and financial viability of the project was confirmed with real aggregation in the income of family production units. In conclusion, with the use of the techniques used in this work, it is stated that it is possible to dilute the costs of installing biodigesters on rural properties, allowing for greater acquisition of equipment due to the low final cost of implementation, with on-site installation of more of 200 pieces of equipment in the region in less than 2 years, the final cost of installation due to the Southeast Pará mesoregion costs an average of R$ 2,888.2 per equipment, with an average time of financial return on invested capital of 1 year and 0.8 month, consisting of a very attractive project from an economic point of view. Finally, it was confirmed that the developed and analyzed biodigester stands out as a social technology, which directly contributes to improving the quality of life of families in rural areas.