Análise funcional de calçadas no entorno de polos geradores de viagens no município de Marabá-PA através do índice de caminhabilidade

Abstract

This work aims to execute the functional analysis of sidewalks in the surroundings of Travel Generator Poles (TGPs), in the city of Marabá-PA. Initially, a theoretical framework was elaborated, which approaches the main concepts and discussions of the work theme, such as: transport on foot, accessibility and sidewalks, urban mobility, travel generator poles, walkability and Walkability Index. Based on this last item, a review of the literature of the last 7 years was carried out with emphasis on academic studies that used it as a method to evaluate the conformity quality of the sidewalks of several Brazilian cities. From these studies, the methodology used was chosen: the determination of the Walkability Index, which provided a quantitative analysis of the current state of the sidewalks of three important avenues in Marabá-PA: Ave. Nagib Mutran, Ave. Antônio Maia and Ave. VE-2; all of them with Travel Generator Poles. In general, this method consisted of on-site visits to the study avenues, where the photographic survey was carried out and with the aid of a field form the conformity quality of the sidewalks was also observed, taking into account ten criteria for the calculation of the Walkability Index (WI): sidewalk width, floor conditions, obstacles, leveling, weather protection, urban furniture, surroundings usage, crossing, pedestrian flow and illumination. As results, the following Walkability Indices (WIs) were obtained, on a scale of 0 to 10: 6.19 to the Ave. Nagib Mutran, with the highest WI of the study; 5.89 to the Ave. Antônio Maia; and the lowest WI of the survey, 4.68 to the Ave. VE-2. Where the first two WIs indicate the need for medium-term interventions and the latter in the short term. Further the quantitative results, incongruities were observed with the NBR 9050/2015 and the urban legislation of Marabá, such as: sidewalks width less than 1.20 meters; accentuated declivity; obstacles to the pedestrian; lack of urban furniture; absence of access ramps in the street corners for disabled persons, among other irregularities. Therefore, the study was able to verify its initial hypothesis that the accessibility conditions for pedestrians in the Marabá-PA sidewalks are compromised, and it was also able to provide through the results (indicators and maps), subsidies for decision making of responsible agents in Marabá-PA, as to the priority of intervention of the studied sidewalks.