Território, memória e resistência: a territorialidade camponesa na construção social da memória da Guerrilha do Araguaia no Sudeste do Pará

Abstract

The Guerrilha do Araguaia Guerrilla was an armed resistance movement that emerged from 1972 to 1974 on the banks of the Araguaia River, located between the borders of southern and southeastern Pará, northern Tocantins state (at the time, Goiás state) and western Maranhão. The collective memory of peasants highlights the various atrocities they faced during the conflict and demonstrates that the extermination of the guerrilla movement had a profound impact on the lives of these social groups in the region. The general aim of this work is to understand how peasant territoriality was appropriated in the social construction of the memory of the Guerrilla in the southeast of Pará, as well as to bring to light the recognition of the events experienced by these deeply affected individuals. Through the methodology of the oral history of these peasants, it is possible to explore the relationship between territory and memory, where both are presented as complex and multifaceted concepts, with various dimensions that influence each other. In addition, the research was based on a literature review and analysis of interviews with peasants involved in the Guerrilha do Araguaia, conducted in the light of the theoretical framework on social memory. This framework supported an understanding of the conceptual triad and the impact of military extermination strategies on the guerrilla movement and the peasant way of life. In this sense, it can be seen that certain territories have become places of memory because of the significant events that took place there, housing both individual and collective memories. The territory plays an essential role as a support for memory, by providing a specific context that shapes the way memories are evoked and interpreted. In addition, the protagonism of women and the various challenges they faced in southeastern Pará were highlighted.