Conceitos físicos envolvidos em fibras ópticas

Abstract

In this work we analyze the physical concepts involved in the construction of optical bers, from the rst bers used to the most recent ones. We analyze the concept of refraction, re ection and its inherent laws. We present the parts that compose the optical ber and how it is made. We analyze its geometric description for di erent types of bers, such as gradual and gradual index bers. We discuss wave propagation and how Maxwell's equations t into this context. We will see that in the path of propagation that occurs in the kernel of a ber, there may be losses through refraction, but with the advancement of technology these losses have been decreasing. We present two types of materials that can be used in making a ber: rigid plastic and silica, and we compare their e ciencies for small and long distances. At the end of the work, we will discuss the use of cables and connectors, which are extremely important in the route and installation of optical bers. This new technology is e cient currently, being a means of innovation widely used by the communications industries around the world.