Utilização de bancos forrageiros com leguminosas no Assentamento Belo Horizonte, São Domingos do Araguaia – Pa

Abstract

With the aim of deploying the technology of forage banks in the Belo Horizonte Settlement Project (BHSP), located in São Domingos do Araguaia, state of Pará, was conducted a study whose objectives were: to disseminate and implement the technology of using forage banks; lead test pilot with lactating cows grazing on forage banks with Calopo (Calopogonium mucunoides Desv) and stilo (Stylosanthes spp.) and to perform economic analysis to quantify the costs of deployment of forage banks. The work was carried out between March, 2009 and December, 2010. Meetings were held with farmers to define the area and the species to be used in forage banks, the stilo (module I) was sown in March, 2009, broadcasted on the soil surface between the rows of forage millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Brown) in an area of 400 m2. Module II, was installed in an area of Calopo (Calopogonium mucunoides Desv) that arose spontaneously in the last four years in a family establishment of BHSP, which was surrounded in an area of 2500 m2. The Calopo forage bank was placed for grazing with dairy cows from July 30 to August 6, 2009. In this assay were avaluated four lactating cows during six consecutive days. In the crop year of 2010 was conducted a test with dairy cows for twelve days. All tests were performed using the Statistical Analysis System computer program. In economic analysis, there was a projection of production of forage bank to feed 30 cows in milk for a year, considering the production costs of the bank production, the value of selling the milk and the economic indicators. It was found that the protein stilo bank was born only one year after sowing (2010), according to the simultaneous planting of legumes with grasses, hindering the establishment of stilo. Throughout the diffusion process, there has been no waiver of the families involved in the actions-tests, and adaptations of technical innovations brought to the settlement generated appropriate innovations to local realities. Milk production was increased via Calopo consumption, because it achieved an average 4.125 kg of milk per day, whereas before the implementation of the forage bank, the average was 3.505 kg of milk per day. In relation to the bank with estilo there was no significant difference between treatments (P <0.05), with averages of 2.31 and 2.19 kg of milk, respectively. Regardless of the cow and / or day of evaluation. Outcome indicators revealed that the total consumption of legumes in the crop was 383.25 tons. The limitations of the planting area (PA) was approximately 12.77 and 9.58 ha for estilo and Calopo respectively. In total the value of total operating cost (TOC) of stilo was R$ 2,391.02 and TOC to Calopo of R$ 1,784.74. The popularity of the technique of implantation of forage banks with legumes by farmers reflects the interest in seeking more sustainable alternatives for dairy production. This suggests the use of Calopo may facilitate the production of milk in the dry season. Under conditions which was conducted the pilot test, there was no increases in milk production. However, the use of forage banks such Calopo as estilo in family establishment is a viable alternative bulky supplementation. Through supplementation throughout the all year, milk production will be constant, with this farmers can keep in regional milk production chain.