Grupos funcionais de artrópodes associados ao solo em agroecossistemas no Sudeste do Pará

Abstract

The community of soil fauna may be affected by changes in ecosystems, as they are very sensitive to vegetation changes, management, meteorological variables and other factors. In the Southeast of Pará State the transforming large areas of forests into pastures and mosaic, caused by family farming affects the community of arthropods in agro-ecosystems. In this sense, the objective of this study was to characterize the community of functional groups of soil fauna in different agro-ecosystems and periods in the Southeast of Pará. The experiment was conducted in the agricultural cycle 2012-2013 on family farm property in the city of Maraba - Para in four agro-ecosystems: bean crops, secondary forest, cassava growing and pasture. For sampling used four traps type trap, distributed at a distance of 20 m from each other forming a square to about 50 m from the edge on each of the agro-ecosystems. Sampling was carried out due to seasonality (dry and rainy season), staying on the field for seven days. Arthropods were identified to the level of order and family. The abundance of functional groups were subjected to descriptive analysis and correlated with meteorological variables by Pearson correlation in BioEstat 5.0. a total of 19,850 individuals were collected and classified into six different functional groups: Herbivore; Social insects; omnivore; predator; Saprófago and xilófago. The cultivation of beans and cassava growing agroecosystems were more abundant in most functional groups. Already the wood decay were more abundant in pasture and secondary forest. The composition of the plant cover and meteorological variables influence the occurrence of functional groups. Abundance of functional groups was influenced by seasonality.