Recarga artificial de aquíferos: uma revisão da literatura

Abstract

The present work presents a review of the literature on the Artificial Recharge of Aquifers (RAA) and their applications. The objective of this research was to expose the RAA as to its importance and efficiency in the mitigation of problems related to the supply and quality of groundwater resources, considering its main applications. In Brazil, the problems arising from the scarcity of groundwater resources are present in several regions, especially in the arid and semi-arid regions of the country, a recent case that has been alarmingly exposed in the state of São Paulo, where the level of the main set of reservoirs, the Cantareira system reached around 14.6% in 2014, the lowest level since it was created in 1974. However, in areas that are substantially graced with the abundance of water, the problem is related to the quality of these, which derive directly from a disorderly urban growth and inherent in management by the responsible bodies, culminating in a failed system of supervision by the environmental agencies as well as the lack of basic sanitation, which interferes directly with the sources if they are incorrectly arranged. Considering this, in addition to stressing the importance of its application, this work, taking over research carried out in the municipality of Marabá-PA, in terms of water quality, proposes mitigating measures in order to restore the quality of groundwater destined to public water supply. For this, it was suggested the development of a theoretical pilot project of artificial recharge of aquifers, where it is aimed at the construction of direct and indirect injection wells, as well as the use of aquifer only treatment technique.