Qualidade do solo em mandiocal e floresta nativa em Umarizal - Baião-PA

Abstract

Fires, as well as deforestation, are procedures used by the majority of small farmers with low purchasing power to prepare new cultivation areas or even renew them, since with the technique they seek to make available the essential nutrients present in the ashes for the different crops in seeking to obtain satisfactory productivity for its survival. In the Amazon region, the successive implantation of crops in areas under cutting and burning management accelerates soil degradation. The objective of this work was to evaluate the chemical, physical and biological characteristics of the soils, considering the forms of management in two different ecosystems (Mandiocal and Native Forest), at two different times of the year, rainy season and Amazonian dry season. The study was carried out in the quilombola community, Umarizal Beira, municipality of Baião-PA. The climate was characterized as tropical and the average annual temperature was 27.0 ° C, with an average annual rainfall of 2465 mm. The soil was classified as dystrophic Yellow Latosol, with Franco Argilo-Arenoso and Franco Arenoso textural classification. The soils characterized as dystrophic, promoted high Al saturation (m%), however, the anthropogenic action through cutting and burning, when implanting the first cassava cultivation in native area, was not able to interfere in the quality of the physical, chemical attributes and negatively biological, however, there is a need to adopt future conservation practices in order to avoid the degradation of these soils due to their natural fragility. The biological diversity of the soil in the forest area remained greater than in the cassava monoculture area after the introduction of the crop, due to the diversity of plant species and the greater amount of organic matter.