Extração e caracterização do óleo de tucumã (Astrocaryum aculeatum) para obtenção de emulsão

Abstract

The Amazon biome is known for its vast natural riches, among these riches we have the tucumã fruit, which has a great economic value, because it is possible to use much of the fruit. In addition, tucumã oil is considered attractive to the industrial sectors because it has great nutritional potential. With this, alternatives are sought for the extraction and application of tucumã oil. This work aims to extract and characterize oil from tucumã pulp to develop emulsified systems. Extractions of oil from tucumã pulp were developed using ethyl alcohol and hexane as solvents, analysis of physicochemical characterizations and obtaining emulsified systems. The extraction of oil from the tucumã pulp was more efficient using hexane as solvent. The tucumã oil presented acidity index (AI) values equal to 3.8 mgKOH/g of oil for the oil extracted with hexane and 4.87 mgKOH/g of oil for the oil extracted with ethanol. The saponification index (IS) was 159.44 mgKOH/g of oil for hexane and 147.85 mgKOH/g and oil for ethanol. Tucumã pulp oil is composed mainly of palmitic fatty acids (C16:0) 23.36% and oleic acid (C18:1) 67.09%. Finally, a ternary diagram containing tucumã/tensoactive/water oil was elaborated, obtaining compositional regions for stable emulsified systems, thus demonstrating the feasibility of applying tucumã pulp oil to cosmetic emulsions.